TCP/IP Model and Layer 3 Networking (Routing)
The TCP/IP model is the foundation of the modern internet. Layer 3, known as the Network Layer, is responsible for routing data between networks.
The 4 Layers of TCP/IP
- Application Layer – HTTP, DNS, SMTP
- Transport Layer – TCP & UDP
- Internet Layer (Layer 3) – IP addressing and routing
- Network Access Layer – Ethernet, WiFi
Layer 3 Functions
Routing
Routers forward packets based on IP addresses and routing tables.
IP Addressing
IPv4 and IPv6 provide unique device identifiers across networks.
Packet Forwarding
The router determines the best path using protocols such as OSPF, BGP, and RIP.
Why Layer 3 Matters
- Enables global communication on the internet
- Scales networks efficiently
- Ensures optimized routing performance
- Critical for cloud and enterprise networks
Understanding Layer 3 is essential for anyone pursuing a career in networking.
